analogy in general mental ability

ANALOGY Analogy means similarity correspondence i.e. having similar features. In analogy a particular relationship is given and another similar relationship has to be identified from the alternatives provide. Thus question on analogy test, the ability of a candidate to understand the relationship between two given objects and apply the same relationship to find that asked in the question. So in question you have to find out which one of the alternatives bears the same relation with the third objects as first and second objects are related.

Kinds of relationship:

(A)                Quantity: unit

1.        Length: Metre

2.        Time: seconds

3.        Current: Ampere

4.        Luminosity: Candela

5.        Pressure: Pascal

6.        Area: Hectare

7.        Temperature: Degrees

8.        Conductivity: Mho

9.        Magnetic field: Oersted

10.     Mass: Kilogram

11.     Force: Newton

12.     Energy: Joule

13.     Resistance: Ohm

14.     Volume: Litre

15.     Angle: Radians

16.     Power: Watt

17.     Potential: Volt

18.     Work: Joule

(B)                 Product: Raw material

1.        Butter: Milk

2.        Furniture: Wood

3.        Shoes: Leather

4.        Metal: Ore

5.        Rubber: Latex

6.        Cloth: Fibre

7.        Book: Paper

8.        Jewellery: Gold

9.        Paper: Pulp

    (c) Male: Female

1.        Dog: Bitch

2.        Son: Daughter

3.        Lion: lioness

4.        Gentleman: Lady

5.        Nephew: niece

6.        Tiger: Tigress

7.        Horse: Mare

   (D Instrument: Measurement

1.        Thermometer: Temperature

2.        Anemometer: wind vane

3.        Odometer: Speed

4.        Scale: Length

5.        Balance: Mass

6.        Sphygmomanometer: Blood pressure

7.        Rain gauge: Rain

8.        Hygrometer: Humidity

9.        Ammeter: current

10.     Screw gauge: Thickness

11.     Seismograph: Earthquakes

12.     Barometer: Pressure

   (E)Worker: Tool

1.        Carpenter: Saw

2.        Woodcutter: Axe

3.        Labourer: Spade

4.        Soldier: Gun

5.        Mason: Plumbline

6.        Chef: Knife

7.        Doctor: Stethoscope

8.        Farmer: Plough

9.        Author: Pen

10.     Gardener: Harrow

11.     Warrior: Sword

(F)Worker: working place

1.        Teacher: school

2.        Doctor: hospital

3.        Clerk: office

4.        Servant: house

5.        Pilot: cockpit

6.        Artist: theatre

7.        Actor: stage

8.        Lawyer: court

9.        Grocer: shop

10.     Waiter: restaurant

11.     Umpire: pitch

12.     Gambler: casino

(F)Study: Topic

1.        Botany: plants

2.        Zoology: animals

3.        Entomology: insects

4.        Virology: viruses

5.        Seismology: earthquakes

6.        Ethnology: human races

7.        Malacology: mollusks

8.        Paleontology: fossils

9.        Pedology: soil

10.     Taxonomy: classification

11.     Herpetology: amphibians

12.     Pathology: diseases

13.      Astrology: future

14.      Anthropology: man

15.     Nephrology: kidneys

16.     Hematology: blood

17.     Mycology: fungi

18.     Histology: tissues

19.     Cardiology: heart

20.     Phycology: algae

21.     Ornithology: birds

22.     Ichthyology: fishes

23.     Gynecology: women’s diseases

24.     Herpetology : reptiles

25.     Hydrology : water

Solved Examples

Example 1: Curd: Milk:: Shoe : ?

(A) Leather      (B) Cloth    (C) Jute           (D) Silver

As curd is made from milk similarly shoe is made from leather. Hence answer option A is correct.

Example 2: Calf: Piglet:: Shed : ?

(A) Prison      (B) Nest    (C) Pigsty      (D) Den

Calf is young one of the cow and piglet is the young of Pig. Shed is the dwelling place of cow. Similarly Pigsty is the dwelling place of pig. Hence answer option C is correct.

Example 3: Malaria: Mosquito:: ? : ?

(A) Poison: Death      (B) Cholera: Water   (C) Rat : Plague          (D) Medicine : Disease

As malaria is caused due to mosquito similarly cholera is cause due to water. Hence answer option B is correct.

Example 4: ABC: ZYX :: CBA : ?

(A) XYZ      (B) BCA    (C) YZX      (D) ZXY

CBA is the reverse of ABC similarly XYZ is the reverse of ZYX. Hence answer option A is correct.

Example 5:  4 : 18 :: 6 : ?

(A) 32      (B) 38   (C) 42      (D) None of these.

As, (4)² + 4 =20

Similarly, (6)² + 6 = 42.

Example 6.  MXN: 13 x 14:: FXR : ?

A.	14 x 15	B.	5 x 17
C.	6 x 18	D.	7 x 19

As position of M and N in Eq. alphabets are 13 and 14 respectively. Hence answer option C is correct.

Example 7.   'Ophthalmia' is related to 'Eye' in the same way as 'Rickets' is related to:

A	.Kidney	B.	Nose
C.	Bone	D.	Heart

As 'Ophthalmia' is a disease of 'Eye' in the same way 'Rickets' is the disease of 'Bone'. Hence answer option C is correct.
Exercise

1. 'Reading' is related to 'knowledge' in the same way as 'Work' is related to:

a.	Money	b.	Employment
c.	Experience	d.	Engagement

2.  'Wax' is related to 'Grease' in the same way as 'Milk' is related to:

a.	Drink	b.	Ghee
c.	Protein	d.	Curd

3.  'Forest' is related to 'Viviparium' in the same way as 'sea' is related to:

a.	Port site	b.	Water
c.	Fishery	d.	Aquarium

4. 'Cat' is related to 'Kitten' in the same way as 'Woman' is related to:

a.	Puppy	b.	Colt
c.	Calf	d.	Baby

5.'Flower' is related to 'Bud' in the same way as 'Fruit' is related to:

a.	Seed	b.	Tree
c.	Flower	d.	Stem

6.  'Jackal' is related to 'Howl' in the same way as 'Cow' is related to:

a.	Caws	b.	Hoot
c.	Coo	d.	Moo

7. 'Jade' is related to 'Green' in the same way as 'Garnet' is related to:

a.	Red	b.	Blue
c.	Orange	d.	Yellow

8.'Mountain' is related to 'Hill' in the same way as 'River' is related to:

a.	Path	b.	Swimming
c.	Flowing	d.	Tank

9.  'Much' is related to 'Many' in the same way as 'Measure' is related to:

a.	Count	b.	Measures
c.	Calculate	d.	Weigh

10. 'Dogs' is related to 'Bark' in the same way as 'Goats' is related to:

a.	Bleat	b.	Crow
c.	Grunt	d.	Howl

11.  'Kathak' is related to 'U.P' in the same way as 'Odyssey' is related to:

a.	Assam	b.	Kerala
c.	Orissa	d.	Gujarat

12.'Metal' is related to 'Conduction' in the same way as 'Plastic' is related to:

a.	Ground oil chemistry	b.	Industry
c.	Inflammability	d.	Insulation

13. Pathology, Cardiology, Radiology, Ophthalmology

a.	Biology	b.	Hematology
c.	Zoology	d.	Geology

14.Lock, Shut, Fasten

a.	Window	b.	Door
c.	Iron	d.	Block

15.Basic, Pascal, Fortran

a.	Cobol	b.	Bhopal
c.	Calculator	d.	Cyclotron

16.Clutch, Brake, Horn

a.	Car	b.	Scooter
c.	Accident	d.	Steering

17.Tamilian, Gujarati, Punjabi

a.	Aryan	b.	Dravidan
c.	Indian	d.	Barbarian

18.  CUP : LIP :: BIRD : ?

a.	BUSH	b.	GRASS
c.	FOREST	d.	BEAK

19.  Paw : Cat :: Hoof : ?

a.	Lamb	b.	Elephant
c.	Lion	d.	Horse

20.Ornithologist : Bird :: Archealogist : ?

a.	Islands	b.	Mediators
c.	Archealogy	d.	Aquatic

21. Safe : Secure :: Protect : ?

a.	Lock	b.	Sure
c.	Guard	d.	Conserve

22.  Microphone : Loud :: Microscope : ?

a.	Elogate	b.	Investigate
c.	Magnify	d.	Examine

23. Cassock: Priest::? : Graduate

a.	Cap	b.	Tie
c.	Coat	d.	Gown

24. Poles : Magnet :: ? : Battery

a.	Cells	b.	Power
c.	Terminals	d.	Energy

25.  Tiger : Forest :: Otter : ?

a.	Cage	b.	Sky
c.	Nest	d.	Water

26.  Peace : Chaos :: Creation : ?

a.	Build	b.	Construction
c.	Destruction	d.	Manufacture

27.  Race : Fatigue :: Fast : ?

a.	Food	b	Laziness
c.	Hunger	d.	Race

28.Physician : Treatment :: Judge : ?

a.	Punishment	b.	Judgement
c.	Lawyer	d.	Court

29.  Ice : Coldness :: Earth : ?

a.	Weight	b.	Jungle
c.	Gravitatism	d.	Sea

30. Parts : Strap :: Wolf : ?

a.	Fox	b.	Animal
c.	Wood	d.	Flow

31.College : Student :: Hospital : ?

a.	Nurse	b.	Doctor
c.	Treatment	d.	Patient
32.	South : North-West :: West : a. North b. South-West c. North-East d. East
		?

33.  Cloth : Mill :: Newspaper : ?

a.	Editor	b.	Reader
c.	Paper	d.	Press

34.  Architect : Building :: Sculptor : ?

a.	Museum	b.	Stone
c.	Chisel	d.	Statue

35.Eye : Myopia :: Teeth : ?

a.	Pyrrhoea	b.	Cataract
c.	Trachoma	d.	Eczema

36.Carbon : Diamond :: Corundum : ?

a.	Garnet	b.	Ruby
c.	Pukhraj	d.	Pearl

37.  NATION : ANTINO :: HUNGRY : ?

a.	HNUGRY	B	UHNGYR
c.	YRNGUH	d.	UNHGYR

38.  14 : 9 :: 26 : ?

a. 12 b. 13 c. 31 d. 15

39.  123 : 13² :: 235 : ?

a.	232	b.	352
c.	253	d.	252

40.  8 : 28 :: 27 : ?

a.	28	b.	8
c.	64	d.	65

41. K/T : 11/20 :: J/R : ?

a.	10/18	b.	11/19
c.	10/8	d.	9/10