Categorization of Barriers to Communication

Categorization of Barriers to Communication

Language Barriers - Clearly, language and linguistic ability may act as a barrier to communication.  However, even when communicating in the same language, the terminology used in a message may act as a barrier if it is not fully understood by the receiver(s).  For example, a message that includes a lot of specialist jargon and abbreviations will not be understood by a receiver who is not familiar with the terminology used.

Psychological Barriers - The psychological state of the receiver will influence how the message is received.  For example, if someone has personal worries and is stressed, they may be preoccupied by personal concerns and not as receptive to the message as if they were not stressed. 

Physiological Barriers - Physiological barriers may result from the receiver’s physical state: for example, a receiver with reduced hearing may not grasp to entirety of a spoken conversation especially if there is significant background noise.

Physical Barriers - An example of a physical barrier to communication is geographic distance between the sender and receiver(s).  Communication is generally easier over shorter distances as more communication channels are available and less technology is required. Although modern technology often serves to reduce the impact of physical barriers, the advantages and disadvantages of each communication channel should be understood so that an appropriate channel can be used to overcome the physical barriers. 

Systematic Barriers - Systematic barriers to communication may exist in structures and organizations where there are inefficient or inappropriate information systems and communication channels, or where there is a lack of understanding of the roles and responsibilities for communication. In such organizations, individuals may be unclear of their role in the communication process and therefore not know what is expected of them.

Attitudinal Barriers - Attitudinal barriers are behaviours or perceptions that prevent people from communicating effectively.  Attitudinal barriers to communication may result from personality conflicts, poor management, resistance to change or a lack of motivation.  Effective receivers of messages should attempt to overcome their own attitudinal barriers to facilitate effective communication.